π₯ Chemistry - Solutions
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π Theory (JEE Level)
Solution:
Homogeneous mixture of two or more components.
Molarity (M):
moles of solute / volume (L)
Molality (m):
moles of solute / mass (kg)
Henryβs Law:
p = kH x β gas solubility
Raoultβs Law:
p = pΒ° x β ideal solutions
Ideal Solution:
obeys Raoult law, ΞHmix = 0
Non-Ideal:
+ve / -ve deviation
Azeotropes:
constant boiling mixtures
Colligative Properties:
Relative lowering of vapour pressure
Elevation in boiling point
Depression in freezing point
Osmotic pressure
β‘ Important Formulas
ΞTb = Kb Γ m
ΞTf = Kf Γ m
Ο = CRT
i = observed / theoretical
π₯ JEE PYQs
Q1. Which is temperature independent?
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Molality
Q2. Raoult law applies to?
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Ideal solutions
Q3. Osmotic pressure formula?
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Ο = CRT
Q4. i > 1 indicates?
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Dissociation
π§ MCQs Practice
Q1. Maximum boiling point elevation?
a) Glucose
b) NaCl
c) Urea
d) Alcohol
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NaCl
Q2. Colligative property depends on:
a) Nature
b) Number
c) Volume
d) Pressure
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Number of particles
π‘ Tricks (High Yield)
π Molality β Temperature independent
π Molarity β Temperature dependent
π More particles β More colligative effect
π i > 1 β Dissociation, i < 1 β Association
π Electrolytes give higher effect than non-electrolytes
π Exam Strategy
Focus on formulas (direct questions)
Practice numerical from colligative properties
Learn difference: Molarity vs Molality
Revise PYQs β high repeat rate